Takeshi Murakami,Jan Burian, Koji Yanai, Mervyn J. Bibb, & Charles J. Thompson (2011). A system for the targeted amplification of bacterial gene clusters multiplies antibiotic yield in Streptomyces coelicolor. PNAS, 108 (38). doi:10.1073/pnas.1108124108

Abstract: A site-specific recombination system was engineered to catalyze tandem amplifications of large genomic segments. The system was able to achieve as many as 12 repeats of the targeted antibiotic synthetic cluster increasing yield > 20 fold (blue pigment). This technology should be broadly applicable to commercially important biosynthetic, degradative and photosynthetic pathways in a wide variety of organisms.